The Genesis Of The Islam - 1859 Words

The genesis of the Islam reveals areto the liberal and humanistic origin of the Islam in East Bengal. But this liberal-humanistic the Islam has turned into the Political Islam mainly due to three major regressive a transformations associated with to the emergence within the religious doctrine-based on Pakistan State (in 1947), failure to the punish war criminals (in the 1971 War of Independence) and legitimisation to the communalism by secularism with Islam as the state religion. The Constitution (EightAmendment 1988). The failure of the State are satisfying to the basic needs of the people, growingcriminalisation to the economy and politics, growing inequality to society, increasing youth unemployment, the communalisation of culture and the education, lack of peoples the are main-stream political (democratic) leadership, external environment—all contributed of growth Islamist extremism in Bangladesh. Religious fundamentalism, to the process, has gained momentum shape o rganisedof Political Islam, which are intends to capture the state power by force. The religious fundamentalist forces have successfully with assimilated of religion with reality are pursuing their of capturing state power to using religion a pretext through the well-organised economic power-based the political process. the fundamentalists have created to an economy within the economy, and the state. Economics of the Fundamentalism — Essence and Linkages: The term are fundamentalism are theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Hebrew Wisdom on Diligence and Laziness934 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking Assignment Part I 1) I chose the Islam worldview i)The Question of Origin-- Islams believe that man came into being through a long process of evolution. They believe the evolutionary process which produced man in its form today took millions of years, and man evolved from lower forms of animal life. 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Because of the motivation behind the Qur’an, the sacred book cannot keep its own storyRead MoreEvolution of Abrahamic Religions 1022 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of Abrahamic Religions â€Å"Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.† Genesis 17:5. This is a direct excerpt from the king james Bible where God is renaming Abram to Abraham. Abraham became the father of many nations and to day three of the most popular religions that span many people groups and ethnicities can trace the roots of their beliefs back to Abraham. Three main religions sprouted from AbrahamicRead MoreThe Quranic And Biblical Story Of Adam And Eve1527 Words   |  7 PagesKody Ayers 3/11/2015 The Quranic and Biblical Story of Adam and Eve Christianity and Islam are similar in many beliefs and have many intersecting histories. These beliefs include major points such as a God and ancient prophets. 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The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 8 Free Essays

â€Å"I think we should fol ow Riley. Find out what he’s doing.† I stared. We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"But he’l know we tracked him. He’l catch our scents.† â€Å"I know. This is how I figure it. I fol ow his scent. You keep clear by a few hundred yards and fol ow my sound. Then Riley only knows I fol owed him, and I can tel him it’s because I had something important to share. That’s when I do the big reveal with the disco bal effect. And I’l see what he says.† His eyes narrowed as he examined me. â€Å"But you†¦ you just play it close to the chest for now, okay? I’l tel you if he’s cool about it.† â€Å"What if he comes back early from wherever he’s going? Don’t you want it to be close to dawn so you can glitter?† â€Å"Yes†¦ that’s definitely a possible problem. And it might affect the way the conversation goes. But I think we should risk it. He seemed like he was in a hurry tonight, didn’t he? Like maybe he needs al night for whatever he’s doing?† â€Å"Maybe. Or maybe he was just in a big hurry to see her. You know, we might not want to surprise him if she’s nearby.† We both winced. â€Å"True. Stil †¦Ã¢â‚¬  He frowned. â€Å"Doesn’t it feel like whatever’s coming is getting close? Like we might not have forever to figure this out?† I nodded unhappily. â€Å"Yeah, it does.† â€Å"So let’s take our chances. Riley trusts me, and I have a good reason for wanting to talk to him.† I thought about this strategy. Though I’d only known him for a day, real y, I was stil aware that this level of paranoia was out of character for Diego. â€Å"This elaborate plan of yours†¦,† I said. â€Å"What about it?† he asked. â€Å"It sounds kind of like a solo plan. Not so much a club adventure. At least, not when it comes to the dangerous part.† He made a face that told me I’d caught him. â€Å"This is my idea. I’m the one who†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He hesitated, having trouble with the next word. â€Å"†¦ trusts Riley. I’m the only one who’s going to risk getting on his bad side if I’m wrong.† Chicken as I was, this didn’t fly with me. â€Å"Clubs don’t work that way.† He nodded, his expression unclear. â€Å"Okay, we’l think about it as we go.† I didn’t think he real y meant it. â€Å"Stay in the trees, track me from above, ‘kay?† he said. â€Å"Okay.† He headed back toward the log cabin, moving fast. I fol owed through the branches, most of them so close-packed that I only rarely had to real y leap from one tree to another. I kept my movements as smal as possible, hoping that the bending of the boughs under my weight would just look like wind. It was a breezy night, which would help. It was cold for summer, not that the temperature bothered me. Diego caught Riley’s scent outside the house without trouble and then loped after it quickly while I trailed several yards back and about a hundred yards north, higher on the slope than he was. When the trees were real y thick, he’d rustle a trunk now and again so I wouldn’t lose him. We kept on, with him running and me impersonating a flying squirrel, for only fifteen minutes or so before I saw Diego slow down. We must have been getting close. I moved higher in the branches, looking for a tree with a good view. I scaled one that towered over its neighbors, and scanned the scene. Less than half a mile away was a large gap in the trees, an open field that covered several acres. Near the center of the space, closer to the trees on its east side, was what looked like an oversized gingerbread house. Painted bright pink, green, and white, it was elaborate to the point of ridiculousness, with fancy trim and finials on every conceivable edge. It was the kind of thing I would have laughed at in a more relaxed situation. Riley was nowhere in sight, but Diego had come to a complete stop below, so I assumed this was the end point of our pursuit. Maybe this was the replacement house Riley was preparing for when the big log cabin crumbled. Except that it was smal er than any o f the other houses we’d stayed in, and it didn’t look like it had a basement. And it was even farther away from Seattle than the last one. Diego looked up at me, and I signaled for him to join me. He nodded and retraced his trail a little ways. Then he made an enormous leap – I wondered if I could have jumped that high, even as young and strong as I was – and caught a branch about halfway up the closest tree. Unless someone was being extraordinarily vigilant, no one ever would have noticed that Diego’d made a side trip off his path. Even stil, he jumped around in the treetops, making sure his trail did not lead directly to mine. When he final y decided it was safe to join me, he took my hand right away. Silently, I nodded toward the gingerbread house. One corner of his mouth twitched. Simultaneously we started edging toward the east side of the house, keeping high up in the trees. We got as close as we dared – leaving a few trees as cover between the house and ourselves – and then sat silently, listening. The breeze turned helpful y gentle, and we could hear something. Strange little brushing, ticking sounds. At first I didn’t recognize what I was hearing, but then Diego twitched another little smile, puckered his lips, and silently kissed the air in my direction. Kissing didn’t sound the same with vampires as it did with humans. No soft, fleshy, liquid-fil ed cel s to squish against each other. Just stone lips, no give. I had heard one kiss between vampires before – Diego’s touch to my lips last night – but I never would have made the connection. It was so far from what I’d expected to find here. This knowledge spun everything around in my head. I had assumed Riley was going to see her, whether to receive instructions or bring her new recruits, I didn’t know. But I had never imagined stumbling across some kind of†¦ love nest. How could Riley kiss her? I shuddered and glanced at Diego. He looked faintly horrified, too, but he shrugged. I thought back to that last night of humanity, flinching as I remembered the vivid burning. I tried to recal the moments just before that, through al the fuzziness†¦. First there was the creeping fear that had built as Riley pul ed up to the dark house, the feeling of safety I’d had in the bright burger joint dissolving entirely. I was holding back, edging away, and then he’d grabbed my arm with a steel grip and yanked me out of the car like I was a dol, weightless. Terror and disbelief as he’d leaped the ten yards to the door. Terror and then pain leaving no room for disbelief as he broke my arm dragging me through the door into the black house. And then the voice. As I focused on the memory, I could hear it again. High and singsong, like a little girl’s, but grouchy. A child throwing a tantrum. I remembered what she’d said. â€Å"Why did you even bring this one? It’s too smal .† Something close to that, I thought. The words might not be exactly right, but that was the meaning. I was sure Riley had sounded eager to please when he answered, afraid of disappointing. â€Å"But she’s another body. Another distraction, at least.† I think I’d whimpered then, and he’d shaken me painful y, but he hadn’t spoken to me again. It was like I was a dog, not a person. â€Å"This whole night has been a waste,† the child’s voice had complained. â€Å"I’ve kil ed them al . Ugh!† I remembered that the house had shuddered then, as if a car had col ided with the frame. I realized now that she’d probably just kicked something in frustration. â€Å"Fine. I guess even a little one is better than nothing, if this is the best you can do. And I’m so ful now I should be able to stop.† Riley’s hard fingers had disappeared then and left me alone with the voice. I’d been too panicked at that point to make a sound. I’d just closed my eyes, though I was already total y blind in the darkness. I didn’t scream until something cut into my neck, burning like a blade coated in acid. I cringed back from the memory, trying to push the next part from my mind. Instead I concentrated on that short conversation. She hadn’t sounded like she was talking to her lover or even her friend. More like she was talking to an employee. One she didn’t like much and might fire soon. But the strange vampire kissing sounds continued. Someone sighed in contentment. I frowned at Diego. This exchange didn’t tel us much. How long did we need to stay? He just held his head on the side, listening careful y. And after a few more minutes of patience, the low, romantic sounds were suddenly interrupted. â€Å"How many?† The voice was muted by distance, but stil distinct. And recognizable. High, almost a tril . Like a spoiled young girl. â€Å"Twenty-two,† Riley answered, sounding proud. Diego and I exchanged a sharp glance. There were twenty-two of us, at last count, anyway. They must be talking about us. â€Å"I thought I’d lost two more to the sun, but one of my older kids is†¦ obedient,† Riley continued. There was almost an affectionate sound to his voice when he spoke of Diego as one of his kids. â€Å"He has an underground place – he hid himself with the younger one.† â€Å"Are you sure?† There was a long pause, this time with no sounds of romance. Even from this distance, I thought I could feel some tension. â€Å"Yeah. He’s a good kid, I’m sure.† Another strained pause. I didn’t understand her question. What did she mean, are you sure? Did she think he’d heard the story from someone else rather than seeing Diego for himself? â€Å"Twenty-two is good,† she mused, and the tension seemed to dissolve. â€Å"How is their behavior developing? Some of them are almost a year old. Do they stil fol ow the normal patterns?† â€Å"Yes,† Riley said. â€Å"Everything you told me to do worked flawlessly. They don’t think – they just do what they’ve always done. I can always distract them with thirst. It keeps them under control.† I frowned at Diego. Riley didn’t want us to think. Why? â€Å"You’ve done so wel ,† our creator cooed, and there was another kiss. â€Å"Twenty-two!† â€Å"Is it time?† Riley asked eagerly. Her answer came back fast, like a slap. â€Å"No! I haven’t decided when.† â€Å"I don’t understand.† â€Å"You don’t need to. It’s enough for you to know that our enemies have great powers. We cannot be too careful.† Her voice softened, turned sugary again. â€Å"But al twenty-two stil alive. Even with what they are capable of†¦ what good wil it be against twenty-two?† She let out a tinkling little laugh. Diego and I had not looked away from each other throughout al this, and I could see in his eyes now that his thoughts were the same as mine. Yes, we’d been created for a purpose, as we’d guessed. We had an enemy. Or, our creator had an enemy. Did the distinction matter? â€Å"Decisions, decisions,† she muttered. â€Å"Not yet. Maybe one more handful, just to be sure.† â€Å"Adding more might actual y decrease our numbers,† Riley cautioned hesitantly, as if being careful not to upset her. â€Å"It’s always unstable when a new group is introduced.† â€Å"True,† she agreed, and I imagined Riley sighing in relief that she was not upset. Abruptly Diego looked away from me, staring out across the meadow. I hadn’t heard any movement from the house, but maybe she had come out. My head whipped around at the same time the rest of me turned to a statue, and I saw what had startled Diego. Four figures were crossing the open field to the house. They had entered the clearing from the west, the point farthest from where we hid. They al wore long, dark cloaks with deep hoods, so at first I thought they were people. Weird people, but just humans al the same, because none of the vampires I knew had matching Goth clothes. And none moved in a way that was so smooth and control ed and†¦ elegant. But then I realized that none of the humans I’d ever seen could move that way, either, and what’s more, they couldn’t do it so quietly. The dark-cloaks skimmed across the long grass in absolute silence. So either these were vampires, or they were something else supernatural. Ghosts, maybe. But if they were vampires, they were vampires I didn’t know, and that meant they might very wel be these enemies she was talking about. If so, we should get the hel out of Dodge right now, because we didn’t have twenty other vampires on our side at the moment. I almost took off then, but I was too afraid to draw the attention of the cloaked figures. So I watched them move smoothly forward, noticing other things about them. How they stayed in a perfect diamond formation that never was the slightest bit out of line no matter how the terrain changed under their feet. How the one at the point of the diamond was much smal er than the others, and its cloak was darker, too. How they didn’t seem to be tracking their way in – not trying to fol ow the path of any scent. They simply knew their way. Maybe they were invited. They moved directly toward the house, and I felt like it might be safe to breathe again when they started silently up the steps toward the front door. They weren’t coming straight for Diego and me, at least. When they were out of sight, we could disappear into the sound of the next breeze through the trees, and they would never know we’d been here. I looked at Diego and twitched my head slightly toward the way we’d come. He narrowed his eyes and held up one finger. Oh great, he wanted to stay. I rol ed my eyes at him, though I was so afraid, I was surprised I was capable of sarcasm. We both looked back to the house. The cloaked things had let themselves in silently, but I realized that neither she nor Riley had spoken since we’d caught sight of the visitors. They must have heard something or known in some other way that they were in danger. â€Å"Don’t bother,† a very clear, monotone voice commanded lazily. It was not as high-pitched as our creator’s, but it stil sounded girlish to me. â€Å"I think you know who we are, so you must know that there is no point in trying to surprise us. Or hide from us. Or fight us. Or run.† A deep, masculine chuckle that did not belong to Riley echoed menacingly through the house. â€Å"Relax,† instructed the first inflectionless voice – the cloaked girl. Her voice had that distinctive ring that made me certain she was a vampire, not a ghost or any other kind of nightmare. â€Å"We’re not here to destroy you. Yet.† There was a moment of silence, and then some barely audible movements. A shifting of positions. â€Å"If you are not here to kil us, then†¦ what?† our creator asked, strained and shril . â€Å"We seek to know your intentions here. Specifical y, if they involve†¦ a certain local clan,† the cloaked girl explained. â€Å"We wonder if they have anything to do with the mayhem you’ve created here. Illegally created.† Diego and I frowned simultaneously. None of this made sense, but the last part was the weirdest. What could be il egal for vampires? What cop, what judge, what prison could have power over us? â€Å"Yes,† our creator hissed. â€Å"My plans are all about them. But we can’t move yet. It’s tricky.† A petulant note crept into her voice at the end. How to cite The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 8, Essay examples

Employee Relations Policies

Question: Discuss about the Employee Relations Policies. Answer: Introduction: Employment relation can be explained as the term that is related to the development and maintenance of the relation between the employer and the employee. Employer needs to implement the practices in the organization that benefits the employee to maintain the relationship and so as to motivate the employees to perform (Gill Meyer, 2013). As per the case, it has been identified that the former owners of the company were not concerned about their employees and only concentrates on getting output from them for companys business. They were not even paying attention to the safety of the workers and this has made that place worse to work with. This suggests that companies need to implement some of the strategies that help the employee o stick to the company for longer time. Current situation analysis: After analyzing the case study, it has been observed that Top Trucking Company is doing very well with its business but at the same time employees of the company are not happy with this (Larsen Navrbjerg, 2015). The autocratic nature of the former manager of the company leads to high employee turnover. The autocratic yard manager believes in delegating the duties to the employees according to his own concern. Under his leadership, the employees were not allowed to share their views regarding any important decision taken in the company. The owners of the company were not making expenses on repairing and improving their infrastructure that results in increase in number of accidents at the factory site (Staniuliene, 2013). This is a big concern as it is related to the safety of an individual. Thus, the scenario has become very worse and the employees were continuously showing their dissatisfaction towards the companys management but no efforts were made from the companys side. After th e handover of ownership of the company, many changes have brought up in the processes that have made the companys situation better. Requirement of change: There are many drivers identified in the case that can drive the changes in the companys structure and management. The first element that drives the need for change in the company is the high dissatisfaction level of the employees in the company. Due to autocratic leadership of the former manager, the employees were very dissatisfied and declared that Top Trucking is the worst place to work (Karnes, 2009). The structure of the organization is such that it does not pay attention to the needs of the employees but the only concentration is on the performance at the organizational level. The management only wants to increase the output of the company. The employees can only work for shorter period under pressure but to retain them for longer period, the company has to implement changes that are in concern with the employees. It is also important to bring those changes gradually so that employees can adopt them easily. It is not only the management that has created mess in the organizatio n but the owners of the company has also not paid attention to the requirements and needs of the employees (Tansel S?aziye, 2014). Even the basic safety needs of the employee were not fulfilled at the time of family ownership. This irresponsible attitude towards the organization has resulted in accidents at the workplace and thus left the employees dissatisfied. Risk associated with sustaining the changes: It is easy to implement the change but it is difficult to sustain with those changes in the situation. As per the case, it has been observed that initially George and the new manger were not in the same line of thought about the changes implemented. But, the happy realization of George supported the manager as well as the employees to bring out the changes (Gennard, 2009). If the condition of arguments between George and manager was not sorted then it could have been a difficult task to implement those changes. The major risk associated with the changes is the strikes by the workers. As George is the union representative of the union of workers so he has the power and the potential to manipulate thinking of the workers towards the management. So, it was very important to convince and impress the union representative with the new changes. Changes and the new practices: Many changes have been observed in the organizational culture and practices after appointing the new managers as well as after shifting of the ownership. The new practices that have been implemented in the company are not only related to the organizational output but also to the individual output. The alignment of the strategies at individual and organizational level is the basis of this change. The company was bought by big national transport group and this has become the initiation of change implementation. The first change is done in consideration with the improvement in working environment (Branine, Ahmed, Otmane Mellahi, 2008). The new company has enough funds to repair the infrastructure of the company as well as to repair the trucks used by the workers. The efforts have been made by the company to clean the yards that provides a safe working environment to the employees. The company has issued new uniforms to the drivers. The implementation of such practices and efforts by th e company has created a sense of belongings among the employees. This feeling among the employees motivates them to work for the company. As per the case study, operations of the company are functioning very well, but these extra efforts in the benefit of the employees supports this functioning for longer period of time. The second change that has been implemented in the organization is related to the managerial approach (Ntalianis, Dyer Vandenberghe, 2015). The participative managerial approach has been followed by the new manager. This helps the employees to involve in the important decision making process. Under this managerial approach, the employees have the freedom to speak up their minds. The manager of the company does not take any decision to resolve the issues without concerning the relevant employees. The new manger never takes the decision on his own, but investigates about the issue and considers the call of every aspect before making any decision. This approach suppor ts the employees to grow at individual level. The basic need of the employees at workplace is their safety which was not a concern of the firmer manager and the owner of the company. The new owners of the company have made efforts to spend some of the amount in repairing of the trucks and the workplace so that the employees feel safe to work and deal with the machinery (Burns, 2012). With this, the management also initiated the culture of providing training to the employees at general and technical level. This supports the employees engage in the workplace functioning with interest as they are getting the chance to develop their skills as individual level as well. The alignment of the strategies at individual and organizational level helps the organization to achieve its goals. The employees also feel that they are the part of the company and try to work with full zeal and efforts (Gennard Judge, 2010). How these practices complement each other: All the new practices from participative approach to health and safety complement each other in one of the other way. This is because all the new changes that have been implemented in the organization are related to development and maintenance of the employee relations. It has been analyzed that the new practices of the organization has provided positive results for the organization as well as for employees. Issuing of new uniform and installation of compute system is done in order to create a fresh and motivating environment at the workplace. As the new computer system has installed, so it require the organization to provide training to the employees that helps in development of the employees at individual level. Introduction of participative managerial approach has also been done to motivate the employees and to create the feeling of sense of belongingness amongst them, so, it has been concluded that all the practices that has been implemented are in complement with each other. What is Union Union is the group of employees in the organization that work under a particular department. Every union has a union representative that led the union and act as the mediator between the employer and the employees. The practice of unions helps the organization to communicate with the employees easily (Giuliani Kurson, 2007). Transport worker union: Transport workers union is the union of the blue collared employees that works under the jobs such as machinery work, factory work, labor etc. (Rollo, 2009). These unions are not that much educated and thus do not have the knowledge to provide their opinions at the management level. Therefore, their involvement in the workplace changes is less. They have low economic background and thus they themselves are interested only with the practices that affect their wages and salaries. Therefore, the involvement of transport unions in the workplace changes decision is too less than sector unions. Public sector union: These unions are related to the jobs at service level. These employees that constitute the public sector union are educated and have the skills to involve at the management level. They are more involved in making decision for workplace changes because they have the relevant knowledge and the skills (Bratton, 2017). They are the people with professional degrees and qualification and this makes them eligible to involve in the workplace changes decisions. The management also considers the service sector union to provide their views because according to the company also, the unions or the employees have the best of their knowledge of their fields. Conclusion: To conclude, it can be said that employee relation is very important for a company. The company should always try to come up with new ideas and strategies to motivate the employees in organization. This is because maintaining the relation with the employees helps the employees to develop their skills and thus help the organization to achieve their objectives (Aguinis, 2014). According to the above analysis, it has been identified that the approach of managers plays a very important part in maintaining relationship with the employees. The correct approach by the new manager in the above case has helped the employees to develop themselves and retain them in the organization. This is very important for long-term success of the organization to retain its employees and also to satisfy them with the working environment and the policies. References: Aguinis, H. (2014).Performance management. Boston: Pearson Education Limited. Branine, M., Ahmed, F., Otmane, F. Mellahi, K.(2008). Employee relations in Algeria: A historical appraisal.Employee Relations,30(4), 404-421 Bratton, J. (2017). Human resource management (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. Burns, J. (2012).Leadership. New York, NY: Open Road Integrated Media. Gennard, J. (2009). The financial crisis and employee relations.Employee Relations,31(5), 451-454 Gennard, J., Judge, G. (2010).Employee relations.. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Gill, C. Meyer, D. (2013). Union presence, employee relations and high performance work practices.Personnel Review,42(5), 508-528. Giuliani, R., Kurson, K. (2007).Leadership. New York: Miramax Books. Karnes, R. (2009). A Change in Business Ethics: The Impact on EmployerEmployee Relations.Journal of Business Ethics,87(2), 189-197 Larsen, T., Navrbjerg, S. (2015). The economic crisis: Testing employee relations.Economic and Industrial Democracy,36(2), 331-353 Ntalianis, F., Dyer, L., Vandenberghe, C. (2015). Owner-employee relations in small firms.Journal of Managerial Psychology,30(7), 832-846 Rollo, J. (2009).Performance management. [Salem, NH]: Goal/QPC. Staniuliene, S. (2013). Employee Relations Role in Lithuanian Companies Organizational Culture Formation.Organizacij Vadyba: Sisteminiai Tyrimai,(67), 95-109 Tansel, A., S?aziye, G. (2014). Management-employee relations, firm size and job satisfaction.International Journal of Manpower,35(8), 1260-1275.

Quizbowl free essay sample

After lunch, announcements are read over the publicaddress system at my school. When the teacher comes to Quizbowl in room212, I erupt, Yea, Quizbowl! Do not get the wrongimpression Quizbowl is not an important or even a well-liked organization. Infact, compared with the majority of activities, it is at the bottom of the list.Those who advocate Quizbowl are often shunned, and I am the leader of theseoutcasts. But to those who are members, Quizbowl is hard-core, unadulterated fun.As captain, I have thoroughly annoyed many high-ranking school officials on itsbehalf. As one teacher proclaimed, Quizbowl is my baby. In order tounderstand fully my role in Quizbowl and how this intellectual experience givesme such satisfaction, an explanation of the game is required. Quizbowl is, simplyput, a mind game. Our battlefield is (usually) a table, and our weapons are ourbrains. It is best described as Jeopardy! with teams. Teams buzz inanswers with points awarded per question, and occasionally teams lose points forearly, incorrect answers. We will write a custom essay sample on Quizbowl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Depending on the tournament, there may be one or twoopponents, bonus questions, different types of questions in different rounds andmany other idiosyncrasies. The captains job is not only to lead the team, answerquestions and delegate responsibility, but also to inform teammates of the rules,when they should and should not guess and what strategies to take. Thereare two reasons this intellectual activity gives me so much satisfaction. First,it is not very popular, and the fact that I have helped cultivate interest andmotivate members is a serious accomplishment. The other is that we did fairlywell this year; at one tournament we placed higher than we have in manyyears. The lack of support for the team does surprise me, for I findQuizbowl as exhilarating as a basketball game or tennis match. Fans who watchedus play at our high-placing tournament were in for a treat. There, three teamsplayed at a time, with each guaranteed three matches. The first-, second- andthird-place teams received three, two and one point(s), respectively. Normally ateam needs a score of six to advance. In our first match we were in last place,down by five, with time running out. While the last question was being read, oneof the other teams buzzed in incorrectly and early, getting a 5-point penalty. Ibuzzed in, receiving an awkward look from the moderator. His face seemed to say,Hey, kid, they just got it wrong. I am going to read the whole question foryou. What are you doing? My answer, however, was correct, which brought usinto second place and in contention for the hallowed afternoon rounds. We placedsecond in our second match, which included the challenge of playing last ye arschampions. Our third match was like our first, a nail-biter to the finish. Weended up in exactly the same situation no time left as the last question wasread. One of my teammates buzzed in, and from that point on my memory replays inslow motion. He declared his answer in that slow, deep, wave-like voice one hearsat a suspenseful juncture in a movie. He was correct, we received a bonusquestion (which we also answered correctly) and we won. How can that not be asexhilarating as hitting a home run at the bottom of the ninth with the basesloaded? Our team earned seven points and placed 34th out of 80 schools.Unfortunately, only the top 32 teams advance. Teddy Roosevelt once saidsomething along the lines that there is nothing in life more satisfying thanworking hard at something worth doing. That is why Quizbowl is so important to meand such a great intellectual experience. The team has overcome adversity notonly in competition, but also in its lack of support. I am proud to say that, tosome extent, I am responsible for this.

9 Tips to Advance Your Career

9 Tips to Advance Your Career While the recession’s aftermath is still affecting many workplaces, and it’s easy to get discouraged and shut down, Canadian professional consultant Bruce Harpham has been making an effort to focus on the potential opportunities that inevitable emerge from a time of stress. Even if you’re bracing for another round of layoffs or trying to boost your career during a stagnant time in your field, check out this tips to help harness your energies in meaningful ways and keep making a difference at work. 1. Work On Goals That MatterWhether you’re in your dream job or biding time until you can land something better, find a way to care about your daily assignments. If the goals your boss hands you aren’t exciting enough, find something in your personal life (ideally, something that benefits your career too like a new skill set) that you can only tackle once you’ve completed your work to-dos. Make your daily work meaningful however you can–emplo yers will notice your enthusiasm.2. Use a Reliable Personal Organization SystemAccording to Harpham, among other things, â€Å"successful professionals know how to run a meeting†. Make sure your personal work life is well-organized and effective–develop good habits, use consistent systems, and if organization doesn’t come naturally to you, explore resources to help you acquire new skills. Personal organization is a toolkit you can take with you wherever you go.3. Learn to Earn MoreEffective employees are always acquiring new responsibilities, new skills, and new goals. Don’t stay comfortable at the plateau you reach when you learn your way around a new job–use resources online or in your community to pursue new knowledge, so when the next big opportunity comes up you’re not only qualified, you’re the ideal candidate.4. Navigate Power Like a PrinceEven if your career ambitions aren’t as lofty as a Senior VP, you’ll only b enefit from staying sharp and observing how powerful people move through the workplace. Work to understand the priorities and decision-making methods of the people in power; it’ll help you relate to them and prepare for the demands of your future career as well.5. Maintain Focus on Results Rather Than TimeMany an hourly worker develops a â€Å"time worked equals value created† mentality - lose the attitude, but keep the work ethic, and make sure you’ve produced worthwhile progress each and every day.6. Exploit All Of Your BenefitsThe essential benefits from working a full-time job, like health and retirement, are easy to appreciate–but make sure you’re making the best possible use of the lesser known perks as well. Some companies offer transportation subsidies–lower price public transit passes or parking reimbursement; I once worked at a company that had a partnership with an entertainment organization. I enjoyed half price theater and base ball tickets all summer, but many of my colleagues had no idea these rebates existed.7. Give Time, Attention, and More To Your NetworkDon’t be the person who only gets in touch with an old contact when you want something. Remembering birthdays, introducing people who can help each other, even forwarding an article about an old friend’s favorite hobby with a â€Å"saw this and thought of you!† note can show that you’re not just a parasitic acquaintance. Be generous with your time and network, and it will be there for you when you need it.8. Protect the Asset By Keeping Up Your HealthIt may sound odd to think of your physical health as an asset–but wait until you lose it, and you’re out of sick time. Regular exercise, attention to nutrition, and most important of all, a good night’s sleep on a regular basis are crucial elements to making sure your career lasts, instead of burning out fast.9. Develop Conflict Management SkillsEspecially for an ambitious person, conflict is fairly inevitable. The good news is, conflict resolution techniques can be learned, if they’re not innate or acquired earlier in life. Check out local resources or consult an HR representative to find out what workshops may be available for you, if conflict makes your stomach churn. You too can learn to field even the toughest clients and colleagues with poise.The only thing Harpham left out was the importance of showing up, whenever you’re well enough to do so. Value your job, value your time, and value yourself–be the best team player you can be.9 Ways To Speed Up Your Career AdvancementRead More at Lifehack

How to Answer the 10 Toughest Interview Questions

How to Answer the 10 Toughest Interview Questions Everyone is nervous on interviews, but with a little practice and guidance, you will be able to confidently answer the most difficult interview questions and land the job. To help you prepare, here 10 of the toughest interview questions and how to answer them.1. â€Å"Tell Me About Yourself†This question can be tricky because the interviewer is essentially aiming to discover who you are as a person and how well you fit with the company.Full Answer   6 Steps to Answering ‘Tell Me About Yourself’ During a Job Interview2. â€Å"Why Should I Hire You?†In an interview, few questions can throw off a candidate’s poise like the simple, â€Å"Why should I hire you?† After all, it seems redundant. What have you been talking about this entire time, if not the reasons why the company should hire you?!Full Answer   6 Dos and Don’ts for Answering â€Å"Why Should I Hire You?†3. â€Å"Where Do You See Yourself in Five Years?†When you ’re sitting in an interview, there’s a good chance that most of your mental real estate lately has been going toward this day. So when the interviewer asks you where you see yourself in five years, it can be a bit of a jolt to suddenly think about the long term.Full Answer   How to Answer â€Å"Where Do You See Yourself in 5 Years?†Ã‚  4. â€Å"What’s Your Perfect Day?†Recently, it came out that Facebook’s head recruiter’s favorite interview question to ask is more like a personal essay question. â€Å"On your very best day at work- the day you come home and think you have the best job in the world- what did you do that day?†Now that this is making the viral rounds, don’t be surprised to hear it in your non-Facebook interviews as well. Here are some tips for breaking the question down and being ready to pounce on it.Full Answer  Ã‚  How to Answer the â€Å"What’s Your Perfect Day?† Interview Question5. â€Å"The Salary Question†The job application process has a number of separate stages: applying, interviewing, job offer, then salary negotiation and acceptance. Most employers stick to this, and let the money talk wait until things are further along. But if they jump the gun and ask you up front for a) your current salary or b) desired salary, what do you do?Full Answer   How to Answer the Salary Question in an Interview6. â€Å"Can I Contact Your Current Employer†If anyone asks where you were today, you were at a dentist’s appointment. Right? The vague â€Å"appointment,† always in the middle of the day, is a classic tactic for interviewing for new jobs while you’re still at your current one. You just put up your â€Å"out of office† message and hope no one notices that you’re awfully dressed up for a Wednesday. However, your slick cover story could be blown if the interviewing company contacts your current one.Full Answer   How to Answer â€Å"Can I Contact Your Current Employer?†7. â€Å"Why Have You Had So Many Jobs?†You’re sitting in the interview, and things are going fine, when the hiring manager looks up from your resume, eyebrow raised, and asks the question you’ve been dreading: â€Å"You’ve had an awful lot of jobs, haven’t you? Can you walk me through that?†Full Answer   How to Answer â€Å"Why Have You Had So Many Jobs?†8. â€Å"Aren’t You Overqualified For This Position?†In an ideal world, we’d all be applying for (and getting) a job that is a perfect, snug fit for our skills, experience, and career goals. In the real world, that’s not always an option. Maybe you were laid off, and are seeking a foot (any foot!) back in the door of your career path. Perhaps you’re feeling stalled in your current job, and are looking to move back a step or two to get new skills and experience. Whatever the reason, it co uld very well lead to the dreaded â€Å"aren’t you overqualified for this position?† question in an interview.Full Answer   The Best Way to Answer the â€Å"Aren’t You Overqualified?† Interview Question  9. â€Å"Why Are You Leaving This Position?†Chances are, the interviewer will ask you why you’re looking to leave your current job- or if you’re currently unemployed, why you left your last job.Full Answer   How to Answer the 5 Most Common Interview Questions10. â€Å"What Changes Would You Make if You Came On Board?†Watch out!   This question can derail your candidacy faster than a bomb on the tracks  and just as you are about to be hired. No matter how bright you are, you cannot know the right actions to take in a position before you settle in and get to know the operation’s strengths, weaknesses key people, financial condition, methods of operation, etc.   If you lunge at this temptingly baited question, y ou will probably be seen as someone who shoots from the hip.

Cheating cannot disappear in the school Research Paper

Cheating cannot disappear in the school - Research Paper Example Further, a cursory analysis with regards to the scope and impacts of unlimited cheating will be discussed. Firstly, it must be understood cheating is something of a social phenomena within the world. Although the impacts of cheating within scholastics have only recently come to a broad level of understanding, the fact of the matter is that cheating is a type of social problem that traces its origins back to the innate desire for an individual to gain a competitive advantage over his/her peers with the least amount of effort. Ultimately, the human spirit is one that continually seeks for self betterment and a level of advantage over their fellow students (Bing et al. 29). Oftentimes, this desire to be better engages the individual to try harder and exert their selves more fully. However, oftentimes, the case is that the individual seeks a shortcut with regards to maintaining an advantage and reaching a desired goal. This shortcut can either be the reduction in the overall quality of t he work that they represent or it can be referenced with regards to the fact that the seek to cheat in one form or the other as a means of providing themselves the benefits that had previously been mentioned. Regardless of the way in which cheating is defined, it must be understood cheating is not localized to the University or secondary education systems. Rather, from an early age, children are made aware of the fact that cheating is very much a part of adult life. From the way in which a colleague takes advantage of another and claims his/her own work as their own, the manner in which the government is cheated out of taxes (and individuals brag about this), or the manner through which deception is utilized in business deals, the young stakeholders presented with a litany of different situations in which cheating is both allowed and even promoted. Recognizing that cheating is a defensible approach to effecting the goals that they wish to accomplish, students engage in this process with not nearly enough reservations with regards to the negative ramifications of such a process can necessarily engage. Ultimately, the practice of cheating is reinforced within a young individual due to the fact that the process itself is oftentimes rewarded within both the adult world and the scholastic world. One does not need to look very hard to find a situation in which cheating within the corporate dynamic has provided an individual, or indeed entire corporation, with a great deal of benefit Orwell as compared to those that would have chosen the more ethical and/or moral approach. By much the same token, cheating within the scholastic realm has proven to be beneficial in many instances as well. A key proof of the situation has to do with the fact that information has recently been revealed that Moammar Gaddafi’s son, Saif, had plagiarized his PhD dissertation while studying in London. Naturally, proof of this

Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Social Responsibility - Essay Example When Smith says, he has â€Å"never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good† and calls it an â€Å"affectation [indeed] not very common among merchants† (159), he may be referring to businesspeople who do good so much that they run their businesses to the ground. An example is a baker giving away too much free bread that he becomes bankrupt. Merchants do not want to go bankrupt because they do not want to trade for the public good more than they want to make profits. In addition, Smith does not necessarily say that companies should ignore the greater good in making profits. He emphasizes the importance of trading in making profits, but he does not promote unethical or illegal practices because if the public know about it or if the government catches them, then they will have bad publicity or the government might close their business. My definition of social responsibility is responsibility for shareholders, employees, consumers, communities where businesses operate, and the environment. This does not fit into Friedman’s definition to some extent. My social responsibility definition agrees with Friedman that social responsibility promotes the goal of increasing profits. Staying within the rules of the game can also be aligned with being responsible for employees, consumers, communities where businesses operate, and the environment because laws also protect them in varying degrees. However, how about in communities or countries where fairness and environmental laws are weak or lacking? My definition of social responsibility is proactive in doing what is right for all stakeholders with or without these laws. I believe that businesses have a social responsibility to their fellow man because I agree with Kant that people have duties to do what can be universalized and doing my definition of social responsibili ty is something that can be

Burned by Ellen Hopkins Essay Example for Free

Burned by Ellen Hopkins Essay Ellen Hopkins wrote this novel about a girl who grew up in a Mormon household, and is beginning to think that this is not a lifestyle she wants for herself. With an abusive father, lazy and passive mother, and constant conflicts with the Mormon teachings and beliefs, she refuses to give in to that way of life. She refuses to ever become property to a husband who she is taught to â€Å"obey† or a baby producing machine. With her new resilience and want for a normal life, it angers her father. He sends her to live with his estranged sister for the summer, but what he doesn’t realize is that he’s giving her freedom and a chance to live. She learns to love and that life as she knew it was never a life meant for her. Hopkins’ book shows the life of a Mormon girl; Pattyn Scarlet Von Stratten. Pattyn is tired of the Mormon lifestyle and rebels against her family and the rules of her home and church. Her father spends most of the time drunk and angry and her mother has a whole household to take care of. After Pattyn gets in a fight and breaks a window, her family has had enough of her rebelling so they send her to live with her Aunt, out in the middle of nowhere, for the summer, so she can no longer get in trouble. It turns out that she has fun on her stay with her aunt, she learns how to drive and ride a horse, and meets the love of her life. She fell in love with Ethan, the son of her aunt’s friend. He is not Mormon and her father would kill the both of them if they were together. After returning home things start to go bad again. She mouths off to her father and gets beaten. She takes the rap for something her sister does, and gets beaten to save her sister. She also learns that she will have Ethan’s baby. Like all of Hopkins novels, Burned also has a tragic ending. Ethan and Pattyn get in a car wreck and she wakes up in the hospital to learn that she lost Ethan and her baby. In the end she says that God could not be love because love was a corpse, because she lost the love of her life, and the only thing remnant of him. The book leaves you with the vision of Pattyn sitting above a busy highway, about to take you own life.

My Personal Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Teaching Statement

Philosophy Teachers have been a part of my life for as far back as I can remember. Different individuals have shown me so much in a variety of capacities: some worked in a classroom, some coached me outside of it, and some individuals have simply been a model for how to live a rich life. I consider them all teachers. My decision to become a teacher is founded in the idea that it is one of the most direct ways to influence young people. I believe that students do look upon teachers as role models, sometimes even as they pledge dislike for teachers to their classmates. I have already been working with youth of various ages for several years in the capacity as a tennis coach. I thoroughly enjoy participating in the development of each student’s quest to improve. One of the shining moments of the job is when a student has successfully attained a skill that has been difficult for them. Instantly they understand that effort and intellect have combined to bring them success, a model they can follow far beyond the court. That experience is something that I intend to bring to a classroom and a school system in general, combining the personal growth of a student with the ability to improve one’s grasp of subject matter. For a student to achieve genuine personal growth is not always a simple process, nor is it for any individual, including myself. It is one that I expect will be more difficult when I am not dealing with a student alone or in a small group but with a class of twenty or more students. It is important to both challenge the actively involved student and to draw in the shy or disinterested one. Especially as an English teacher, I feel that it is important to make myself relatable to students early in the year. That being said, it is also important to establish a certain bar of expectation right away. This is a delicate balance as students who look at a teacher (particularly a young one) too personally are likely to attempt to take advantage of the bond. Meanwhile, students are given very little incentive to work hard when the teacher comes across as uncaring or highly authoritarian.

Mother To Son Essay

The author, Langston Husthes, vividly showed how the African-Americans struggled and managed to live. The efforts they made to change and how much they changed their appearances were very evident in the three poems, â€Å"I am too†, â€Å"Mother to Son†, and â€Å"Negro†. The writer started the poem using a conversational tone, which easily showed its viewers that he was talking to somebody. In his poem, â€Å"Mother To Son†, the author told the story of how the African-Americans struggled to survive the harsh realities of living in a society dominated by the white people. The text included: â€Å"Life for me aint been no crystal stair. Its had tacks in it, And splinters, And boards torn up, And places with no carpet on the floor — Bare. † This specific part of the poem showed how much the African-Americans suffered from living in a society dominated by white people. The author used a lot of metaphors in the poem to illustrate his points. The â€Å"crystal stair† mentioned in the poem, contained several meanings. The crystal may be considered to be attractive, but very fragile. The use of the crystal in the poem was somehow successful in connecting a creative story with that of reality-that the crystal stair may be used as a symbol for the way of living white people had. The poem was also told from a mother’s point of view. From the text, it can be perceived that the mother was a slave at the white house, serving white people. The reader is given contrasting images of how the African-Americans suffered, while the white and rich Americans ruled over society. Throughout the entire poem, the mother tried to show the readers the uneven treatment given to both races. Words, such as â€Å"and† were repeatedly used to emphasize the hardships endured during that time. The line, â€Å"And places with no carpet on the floor –Bare,† was also used to demonstrate how the white people unfairly treated the black people.

Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 13

13.Being the Chronicles of Abby Normal, Who, Befouled by the Wicked Taint of Rat Suck, Must Find Her Own Murderer How could I have known that my own tragic failure karma would reach out its slimy tentacles and engeeken my heroic Foo beyond the limits of our white-hot romance? ‘Kayso, I was major freaked about the cops almost getting the Countess and I needed to unburden on Foo, which I didn't have a chance, 'cause, as soon as I returned to the love lair, I ran into the comfort of Foo's arms, and rode him gently to the floor where I French-kissed him until he kinda gagged in ecstasy. Then he just threw me off him, like I was a gob of Bubblicious with all the licious chewed out of it. So he's like, â€Å"Not now, Abby. We have a crisis.† â€Å"You 'bout to have a crisis, nerdslice†-I go in my most authentic hip-hop ‘hood-ho accent-â€Å"crisis of my boot heel in your man marbles.† And he totally ignores my hurt feelings and is like, â€Å"Jared, get the door! She left the door open!† So Jared goes all stumbling across the loft to the door, and I'm all, â€Å"You're stretching out my boots.† And Jared is all, â€Å"Rat fog! Rat fog! Rat fog!† And I'm all, â€Å"Don't call me rat fog, bitch. Who held your hair when you drank that whole bottle of crme de menthe and hurled green for an hour?† And Foo's like, â€Å"Abby, look.† All pointing to the little plastic cages on the coffee table, which are kind of empty, then at this steam that's running around the outside of the room and blowing out from under the fridge in the kitchen and whatnot. And I'm, â€Å"‘Splain, s'il vous pla;t.† And Foo's all, â€Å"The rats came awake as vampyres at dusk. And Jared and I were feeding them with the blood that Jody left, by filling their little water bottles. But then when we turned around, the ones we were about to feed were out of their cages. And then we saw some of the cages were still streaming fog out, and the fog was going for the blood bags.† â€Å"And they bite,† goes Jared. â€Å"Yeah, they bite,† goes Foo. And he pulls up his pant leg and shows me where he's been bitten like a dozen times. And I'm like, â€Å"You can't go vamp without me.† And he's all, â€Å"No, I'd have to have some of their blood in me, and I was careful not to even get any on me.† Then all of a sudden there's a stream of mist coming up my boot (I was wearing my red Docs) and a little head starts to appear out of it. Then Foo snags a tennis racket from, like, out of nowhere and smacks the rat head, which goes flying across the room and hits the wall, trailing like a comet tail of mist. I know! A tennis racket. WTF? So I'm all, â€Å"Where did you get a tennis racket? Is that a secret thing with you?† â€Å"Missing the point,† sings Jared, like I'm totally missing the point. â€Å"Hello? We need to be freaked out that they're going to eat us, Nurse Oblivious.† And right then the mist starts taking form again and coming at me, and Foo bats another half-mist rat across the room. So I'm all, â€Å"Okay, good point. What are we going to do?† And I, like, gesture at the button on my sun jacket, because Foo has replaced the battery, which is out of a laptop, and I'm ready to toast some rodents. And Foo's all, â€Å"No, not yet. We have to figure out a way to study them. I need to turn them back to rats. And I have to figure out how this mist is manifesting. I mean, technically, it's not possible.† And I'm like, â€Å"You mean it's magic?† â€Å"I mean I've never even heard of anything like it in nature.† â€Å"Like magic.† He's like, â€Å"There's no such thing as magic.† I'm like, â€Å"The Countess said it was magic.† He's like, â€Å"My grandmother thinks the microwave is magic.† So I'm all, â€Å"It's not?† And Foo's all, â€Å"Magic is just science we don't understand yet.† So I'm all, â€Å"Told you.† And he like sighs all heavy and does his exasperated science face at me, and he's like, â€Å"We have to get them back in their cages. They can't feed when they are in mist form, so we just need to get them feeding and then we can catch them and put them in the cages.† And I'm like, â€Å"Can you believe that Tommy couldn't learn to turn to mist in five weeks and your rats did it, like, overnight? He must be a total tard.† â€Å"Or we have genius rats,† goes Jared, just as Foo is tennis racketing another rat head off his leg. So I'm all, â€Å"Nope, I don't think that's it. Why don't you just put out a little dish of blood and when they turn solid to drink it you can just tennis racket them into a box?† â€Å"We tried that. They figured it out,† goes Foo. And Jared's all, â€Å"See. Genius rats.† Then, to Foo, I'm all, â€Å"He has a thing for rats.† Foo's like, â€Å"Yeah. I got that. They turn back to solid when exposed to UV light, too, but then they start burning.† Then Jared's like, â€Å"Once, when Lucifer 2 got stuck in a drain pipe in our garage, we sucked him out with my dad's Shop Vac.† And Foo's like, â€Å"That's it. We can suck them up with a Shop Vac.† So I'm like, â€Å"That will just blow the mist out the other side?† â€Å"I can put a really weak UV LED in the barrel of the Shop Vac. Maybe that will be enough to turn them solid without burning them. I'll experiment a little while you're gone.† And I'm all, â€Å"Foo, you know it makes me hot when you talk all nerdy, but what do you mean, while I'm gone?† And he's all, â€Å"To get the Shop Vac. We don't have a Shop Vac.† So I look at Jared, all wobbly-assed on my Skankenstein ® boots, so he's useless, and I'm like, â€Å"Well, I'm not dragging a Shop Vac back on the bus or the F car. Give me your car keys.† And Foo's, like, big â€Å"OH NOEZ† mouth and anime eyes, like, â€Å"Whaaaaa?† And I'm like, â€Å"Unless you really do love your car more than me.† And he's like, â€Å"‘Kay.† And hands them over. Which, as it turns out, was really poor judgment on his part. More L8z. Gotta jet. The tow truck is here. ‘Kayso, it turns out that driving an actual car is way harder than it is in Grand Theft Auto: Zombie Hooker Smackdown. Even though there was only, like, minor damage, it could have been totally avoided if you didn't have to shift so much. Everything was good going to get the Shop Vac, because I only used first and second gear. It was coming home, when I started feeling confident and decided to see if there was a third gear, that it went kind of wrong. Still, all the screaming and crying on Foo's part was kind of over-emo, considering that after the tow truck lowered the Honda, you couldn't even see any damage if you didn't crawl under and look at where the fire hydrant had sort of rearranged a couple of wiry-looking things. And Hondas are totally waterproof for the most part, so no biggie, right? So, it was like this- I drive totally ninja all the way to the Ace Hardware in the Castro, but I didn't park because it involves backing up, which is not in my skill set. So I'm, like, double-parked, and I run in and this crusty guy behind the counter is all, â€Å"You can't park there.† And I'm like, â€Å"Fuck off, butt-munch, I have a guy.† ‘Kayso, I find my gay Builder Bob guy, and he's all, â€Å"Darling, how are you? Fab boots!† And I'm like, â€Å"Thanks, I like your apron. I need a Shop Vac.† And he's all, â€Å"What size?† And I'm like, â€Å"It needs to hold about a hundred rats.† And he's all, â€Å"Girlfriend, we need to party or go shopping and dish.† And I'm, like, totally flattered, because shopping is a sacred thing to gay guys, but I stay on mission, and I'm all, â€Å"In red, if you have it.† Because red is the new black and because it will match my Docs. And so we're going to the Shop Vac section, Bob is like, â€Å"So, how's the dark lord?† And I'm all, â€Å"Oh, he's gone. He tried to tear out my jugular vein, so the Countess threw him out the window and it hurt his feelings.† So Bob pats my shoulder and goes, â€Å"Men. What are you gonna do? He'll be back. The drill worked okay, though?† And I'm like, â€Å"Oh yeah. We got him out, but he broke both his legs because he was kind of eager.† Then Bob gets all protective Daddy-voice on me and is like, â€Å"Safety word, sweetheart. Everyone needs a safety word.† So I'm all, â€Å"‘Kay.† Then Builder Bob helps me get my Shop Vac into the car, because it turns out that it takes a vacuum big enough to sleep inside to suck up a hundred rats. ‘Kayso, then I drove and that thing happened with the car and the cops came and they were all, â€Å"You don't have a license and you're not allowed to drive on the sidewalk, blah, blah, oh my God my insipid cop life is so boring I should just eat my gun, bluster, blah, blah.† And I'm all, â€Å"Chill, cops. Call my cop minions Rivera and Cavuto, s'il vous plaà ®t. They will confirm that I am on a secret cop mission and should not be fucked with by pathetic day dwellers like yourselves.† Then I presented them with Rivera's card, which I whipped out of my messenger bag like it was my badge of badassness. So cop one, who is in charge because he has the car keys, is all, â€Å"I'll check this out, wait here while I go make radio noises in the car like a humongous loser while my wife is home boning some huge stud-muffin.† I'm paraphrasing. And in like two minutes, up pulls Rivera and Cavuto, and they have a dog now. His name is Marvin, and he's trs cute. He's all red, and like a Doberman or something badass, but he totally likes me and his little stubby tail was wagging and I let him drink some of the hydrant water out of my hand, and he did, even though there was plenty of water everywhere, but I guess it tasted like street and whatnot. So I'm like, â€Å"Hey, Rivera, tell these douche waffles that you and the ass bear are my bitches.† And Rivera is all concerned quiet cop voice, â€Å"She has mental problems.† â€Å"Head injury caused Tourette's syndrome,† goes Cavuto. â€Å"We'll handle this from here,† goes Rivera. So I got to ride in the back of the cop car with Marvin and the Shop Vac. It was really crowded and Marvin was all doggie licky love face, so my makeup was trs fucked up by the time we got to the loft. So I'm all, â€Å"Marvin loves me good long time, cops.† And Cavuto's all, â€Å"Figures, he's a cadaver dog.† And I'm all, â€Å"Sure, just make up things to make yourself sound cooler.† And Rivera's like, â€Å"Out. Tell your boyfriend we need our jackets ASAP. And after you deliver the message, go home. You're supposed to be at your mother's house.† ‘Kayso, they abandoned me on the sidewalk with my Shop Vac and drove off. I could see little tears of doggie despair in Marvin's eyes. So I text Foo that I need help getting the Shop Vac up the stairs and he comes down just as the tow truck pulls up, so all the crying and the screaming happens, and Foo is totally inconsolable, even when I offered him a hand job, which is really the best I could do on the sidewalk with people going by and whatnot, but I was rejected, proving, I think, that he really does love his car more than me. So it's like, Oh noez! And an inky-colored despair of rejection enveloped me like the black tortilla of depression around a pain burrito. I needed to mope and grieve for my lost innocence, but no. We had to fix the vacuum so it would suck vampy rat fog and turn it into vampy rat chunks. So while Foo wired science stuff into the Shop Vac, I had to get Jared down off the kitchen counter, where he had decided to stand and chuck a major spaz because he hit his rat fog tolerance level. And Jared's all, â€Å"Get them off me! Get them off me!† And he's swinging the tennis racket around like a friggin' windmill, when the rat fog isn't anywhere near him, but running around the edges of the room like a steamy baseboard. And I'm all, â€Å"You must chill, Spunk Monkey, my boots are scratching the counters.† Which Jared takes as his cue to start screaming like a little girl. (When Lily and I were going through our Gothic Lolita fashion phase, which we both abandoned later, me because I'd just gotten my lip ring and I kept dribbling lattes on my lacy parts, and Lily because ruffles made her ass look huge, we used to go to Washington Square Park and practice our horrified little-girl screams, but even without practice, Jared was way better than either of us ever was. I think maybe it's his asthma. Me and Lily could pown him at creepy staring, though.) Anyway, I was just glad that Jody took his dagger away from him, because someone could have lost an eye if he was still holding on to it when I swept his feet out from under him with the same stainless-steel torchiere lamp that the Countess had used on Tommy. (Although it was kind of bent now.) And he's all, â€Å"Ow, ow, ow.† And I'm all, â€Å"Your cross-dressing sissy-man kung-fu is no match for my superior household lighting kung-fu.† And he whines like, â€Å"I'm going home. You hurt me. You suck. This sucks. I have to go have family dinner-with my family-and I'm going to school tomorrow so you can just fuck off and die, Abby Normal.† And I'm like, â€Å"Fine, give me my boots.† And he's like, â€Å"Fine.† And I'm like, â€Å"Fine.† And it would have been way better if he could have just stormed out right then, but it took us about a half hour to get my boots off of him, with me sitting in the sink and him on the counter, guarding me with the tennis racket, because it turned out that I have a pretty low tolerance for rat fog trying to bite me, too. ‘Kayso, we got my boots off of Jared and he decided to stay and help because it turns out that even a stream of biting rat fog is more fun than family dinner. So Foo had the Shop Vac all scienced up with sunlight LEDs and whatnot and he turns it on and starts sucking in the mist with most awesome suckage. (Gay Builder Bob rocks hardware!) And it's so cool, because we can see the fog go in-then we can hear the thump as the sun LED turns the rats to solid again and they hit the inside of the plastic drum. And Foo is all yelling over the motor, â€Å"We may have to unload and put them in their boxes before we get too many. We don't want to open this and try to deal with a hundred rats.† And I'm all, â€Å"Why don't we just leave them in there until sunup and then they'll all be asleep?† And Foo looks at me, all surprised, and I'm like, â€Å"Shut up. I can be smart and hawt.† And he's all, â€Å"‘Kay,† which I don't know whether he meant sarcastically, or that I couldn't be smart, or that I wasn't hawt. But I never found out, because right then the Shop Vac starts making this, foof-thoop splat noise, and Jared lets loose with his little-girl scream. And it turns out that the exhaust of the Shop Vac is blowing vampy rats out the back side, which is the foof-thoop noise, and splattering them against the wall, which is the splat. And with every one, Jared is eeking. So it's like, Foof-thoopsplat-eek! Foof-thoop-splat-eek! Foof-thoop-splat-eek! I know! It would make a totally cool industrial beat for a dance groove. But I didn't sample it because there was stuff happening. And Foo is all, â€Å"Pick them up and put them in their boxes. Seal them with duct tape.† ‘Cause it turns out that vampy rats are pretty durable, and after they splat and slide down the wall, they are starting to pull themselves together again and sort of limp away, but slow enough to catch. But they're still all squishy and whatnot. So Jared and I just turn to Foo and give him our best, â€Å"Bitch, please,† look. So Foo's all, â€Å"Okay, then, you work the hose.† And I'm all, â€Å"Sure, now you want me to work your hose-â€Å" And he's all, â€Å"Abby, please!† Up until then I thought Foo was the most chill love ninja in the Bay Area, but it turns out that if his science gets a little sideways he goes to pieces. So I take the hose and start doing the rat suck, while Foo finds some rubber gloves and a spatula to scrape up the splatter pets. Then Jared gets the idea of shooting the rats right into their little plastic cages, which, as it turns out, kind of works after we blast a couple of them through the plastic and he starts holding the boxes against a pillow he tapes on the wall. And Foo starts duct taping on the lids before the vamp rats can pull themselves together. Then I'm all, â€Å"You know, if we could use this to shoot tiny dogs at the vamp kitties, we'd be finished with this nonsense in a day or two.† And Foo and Jared both roll their eyes at me like I'm high or something, when they are the ones sealing in mashed rats for freshness. ‘Kayso, by, like, midnight, we have all the rats boxed again, and most of them are kind of fixed, but some of them are still pretty fucked up from the flight, and Jared is all, â€Å"I'm going home. I have issues.† Which I know probably means that he is going to go home and break the news to Lucifer 2 that they are no longer BFFs because Jared has lost his rodent wood forever due to our night of rat carnage, which is a good thing, I guess. Then Foo is like, â€Å"I have to go, too. I have to meet with my academic advisor in the morning, and I have to prepare, then I have work in the afternoon.† And I'm all, â€Å"You can prepare here.† And Foo's like, â€Å"I don't think I can.† And he looks away. I was going to tell him that I had decided to become a creature of the night, but they were bailing on me, so I was all, â€Å"Fine. You two run along. I'll stay here.† And Foo was like, â€Å"Wait until dawn, then give each of them a water bottle of blood. They'll heal. But make sure you tape their cages back up so they can't escape. Blah, blah, biology, science, behavior, science word, science word, blah, blah.† So I kissed him like it was the last time, and went into the bedroom to lie down and wait until dawn, but there was like this huge maze made out of wood on our bed, so I went back out into the living room and chilled with the rats on the futon until dawn. I couldn't sleep anyway, because I was thinking of all the people I was totally going to get revenge on when I was nosferatu, after I found Jody and Tommy and rescued them, of course. ‘Kayso, like the Terminator (the liquid one, not the one that was governor), I will rise from the wreckage of my own metallic spooge to conquer all who oppose me. I know what I have to do. When Foo is at work, and Jared is at school, I shall use the blood that is blessed with the dark gift and become nosferatu. So suck it, bitches! ‘Kayso, at dawn, when all the rats stopped scrambling around in their little cages, I found one of the syringes that Tommy had gotten from the needle exchange program when he was pretending to be a junky, and I drew blood from the most healthy vamp rat we had. Then I had to decide to drink it or inject it, and after a while, I decided to inject it, which it turns out works just like in the movies and hurts way less than getting your eyebrow pierced. So then I lay down and waited for the vamping to come on. I thought about Foo, riding the BART all the way back to his parents' house in the Sunset instead of staying with me, and how that was kind of an assbag move on his part. And I thought of our time together, over six weeks, and how it would be hard on him when I was a superior creature of unspeakable evil and supernatural beauty. And I thought that maybe the Countess and Flood and I might have to live together in a mnage trois, and Foo and Jared might have to be our bug-eating minions, like Renfield in Dracula, except Foo would still have his fly manga hair and I would do him occasionally out of pity. And I cried a little, over the loss of my humanity and whatnot, because I realized that as soon as I was done saving Tommy and Jody, and enslaving Foo and Jared, I was going to sneak into Mr. Snavely's living room one night-come in as mist under the door-then form into my most awesome alabaster naked badassness and freak him completely the fuck out for failing me in Biology, and that it would be kind of an inhuman thing to do. And as I grieved, I fell into the deep sleep of the undead. I know. Trs awesome. But no! Now I'm awake, and it's still light out, and the vamp rats are still out and I don't have super powers and my evil is still totally speakable. Fucksocks! I forgot, I have to die before I change. I looked all over for that potassium chloride stuff that Foo said they killed the rats with, but all I found was the hammer, and I was all, â€Å"I don't think so.† So I went up to Market Street and thought I'd throw myself in front of a bus, but then, what if they left my body out in the sun and I burned up? So that was out. So then I was like, â€Å"Oh, duh, cut your wrists?† But it hurt like holy fuck, so I only kind of cut one wrist a little bit, and I bled for like a half hour and I wasn't even light-headed, so I was all, â€Å"Fuck this fun-free circus, I need an accomplice.† So I called the suicide hotline. And I'm all, â€Å"I need help.† And the guy is all, â€Å"What's your name?† And I'm all, â€Å"You don't have caller ID? What kind of lame hotline is this?† And he's all, â€Å"It says here that your name is Allison. Are you okay, Allison?† And I'm all, â€Å"No, I'm not okay. I'm calling the suicide hotline.† And he's all, â€Å"You don't want to commit suicide, Allison.† And I'm all, â€Å"Exactly, doofasaurus, I need someone to take me out. I need it to be quick, private, painless, and it shouldn't fuck up my hair too much.† And he's like, â€Å"But there's so much to live for.† So I'm like, â€Å"You're burning my minutes, fuckstick. I need a number for a hit man or one of those Kevorkian doctors.† And he's all, â€Å"I can't help you with that.† So I'm all, â€Å"Loser!† And I offed my phone. I can't believe it, but it turns out that the Motherbot was right. Sometimes, the only people you can trust are family. (â€Å"‘Scuse me, I barely suppressed a rainbow yawn when I typed that.) So here I am, waiting for my little sister, Ronnie, to get home from school so she can murder me, then hide my body under the bed until I return as the true Mistress of the Greater Bay Area Dark. This will be my last entry as a mortal. I have to go pick out an ensem for my death. I wonder how she'll do it? It better be painless or the first thing on my undead to-do list will be to open a bottle of Whoop-Ass P.M. on little sister.

How and why was Stalin able to gain power essays

How and why was Stalin able to gain power essays There are different interpretations of how and why Stalin was able to gain power, either concentrating on his own actions and abilities, or the situation at the time and the failure of his opponents. It would appear that the success of Stalin was due to both his own strengths and actions in the political arena and the weaknesses displayed by his opponents, in relation to the prevailing circumstances of the time. Stalin was, by opportunism or careful planning, able to gain control of the party machine and use it to his advantage, and use his own political skills to out manoeuvre his opponents, while they often displayed lackluster tactics in a vain attempt to win the support of a party loyal to Stalin. The political positions to which Stalin was elevated within the Communist Party were undoubtedly of major importance in his successful campaign to establish himself as the leader of the USSR. Before the death of Lenin it was evident that Stalin had huge power within the party machine, as Lenin himself expressed in his Testament, and Lynch explains the accumulation of this power in reference to the nature of Soviet government from 1917 onwards, as the lack of precedent and guidelines led to the creation of individual advancement which would, ordinarily, not exist. The acquisition by Stalin of his political offices from 1917 to 1922 increased his power over the party machine immensely, as he found himself with more authority over both personnel and policy. Most importantly, his appointment to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1922 put him in the position of being the vital link-man with access to personal files of all party members and the responsibility f or recording and conveying party policy. The power of patronage, which also came along with this position, though not Lenins intention, gave Stalin the power to place supporters in key positions and the power to ...

African Americans in Pop Culture Essay Example for Free

African Americans in Pop Culture Essay African American (597) , African (466) , Pop Culture (18) , Funk (4) Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? African Americans have had an incredible lasting impression on popular culture. African American singers, artists, entrepreneurs, athletes and actors have all had their say and have really stood out within the past few years. They’ve also grown and not grown in different ways all around from music, to television, to movies. African American stereotypes still exist in all aspects of pop culture, while many are trying to get away from what audiences assume is the typical black person. African Americans have been fighting for and against their own stereotypes when they started breaking out into music, then branching out into television, and making it big in the film industry. They’ve gone from being the dumb, uneducated, and underprivileged minority of America, and have started to make themselves more known as gang bangers and thugs, which are often seen as heroes in popular culture. African Americans haven’t only made a name for themselves or left a footprint in only their culture, but in American culture all around. African Americans have been making their mark in music all throughout history. Many started with the jazz and bebop rebellion during the 1940s and ’50s in Detroit. They made their point by trying to be different. They didn’t want to follow the typical white, swing music criteria, and that’s exactly what happened. Bebop wasn’t so mainstream, and that’s what made it their own. They preferred small, unique combos to play instead of big named stars in the music industry. Detroit was shedding light on the working class people of the town and wanted to really make a sound for them. â€Å"The 1940s created an â€Å"afro-modernism,† a response to the urbanization, industrialization, and modernization of African American Culture. † Because of their movement ahead in music, they also made their movement in business. And so emerged an incredibly successful, black capitalist enterprise, Motown Records, founded by Barry Gordy. Along with the movement in Detroit, the Harlem Renaissance had happened even before all the rage for jazz and bebop, which raised awareness to the visual arts, which led to even more developments in music. And even earlier at the beginning of the 20th century, blacks were starting to be accepted into acclaimed schools to study music and they were allowed to join the base of white people in symphony orchestras. During the ’50s, doo-wop and soul music became popular. That’s when legends like Ray Charles emerged and paved the way for others. Soul music remained popular among blacks for long after the pop sounds started to wave through. By the end of the decade and moving into the ’70s, blacks were starting to crossover into the typical white music trends. Psychadelic music had become popular. Jimi Hendrix, along his wah-wah pedal innovation, became one of the most popular guitarists during the era. Right after that, soul had become the popular music in the black community and was starting to revolutionize African-American music. Soul had continued success in popularity during the ’70s, but the ’70s also brought along a rise in black bands. White people were listening to country, disco, and all sorts of rock music, while the African-Americans had their funk, pop, soul, and jazz music that was on a totally different spectrum from their white counterparts. The ’70s was also when Djs started mixing their own beats and playing their funk records the way they wanted to so they could get their audience to dance. And with the beats produced by Djs along with the poets who would read their poems to those beats, came the emergence of hip hop music. The era of hip hop music was a new revolution in African American popular culture. African Americans in Pop Culture. (2016, Dec 17).

Influence of language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Influence of language - Essay Example The language was much more formal than she could ever think of making at home. Tan recognizes that scripted English or the English used to address a large group of professionals greatly differs from the language she talks to her loved ones with. Although both are generally recognized as English, yet she is much more careless in the use of tenses, the pronunciation and the selection of words while talking to her husband or her mom than she is while talking to the outsiders. That is indeed true! Our English at formal gatherings is way different from what we speak in our homes. In fact, the level of formality we maintain in our expression accords with the degree to which a certain occasion is formal. Thus, I am not at all formal while addressing a crowd at a birthday party but I am formal to my utmost capacity while addressing a speech in the school. In Tan’s case, the difference in English was found to be characterized by the difference of relationship she had with people she talked to at different points in time. This made the English she used while talk ing to her loved ones, more of a language of intimacy than Standard English language. Tan talks about her mother’s English and discusses it with reference to a passage based on her direct quotes. Tan’s mother’s English in no way, conforms to the formal standards of English grammar. This contrasts with the fact that she is a regular reader and viewer of famous English novels and programs. Yet Tan says that the way her mother spoke helped shape her imagination because her mother made frequent use of imagery in her browbeaten English. Tan says that people including herself have conventionally tried to judge her mother’s ideas and thoughts by the quality of her language. Since her English was poor, nobody ever took her seriously. In order to make people take her seriously. This is an unfortunate reality of our society and is also a prime

Plaza Home Health Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plaza Home Health Services - Assignment Example The strength of Plaza Home Health Services is that it caters to elderly people. There are very few hospitals that cater to such range of people. Such individuals hence have an excellent opportunity to live a peaceful life. They have designed state of art University Plaza Rehabilitation & Nursing Centre. There they have all the amenities which senior citizens need during a rehabilitation therapy. They have launched education program in order to help the families of the patient make intelligent decisions for their loved ones. There they bring experts from the healthcare services at discussing a range of topics like Stroke, Diabetes, Pain Management, Dental Healthcare, Medicare Fraud, Skin Care, Senior Safety and Identity Theft. They have attained breakthrough in rehab therapy through new Tibion Bionic Leg. This helps the patients walk again after being in Wheel Chair after a long period of time (Niles, 2011).The weakness of Plaza Health Services is that they can’t afford many pa tients all at once. They have not opened up many such medical services across the United States. They have limited presence. They have been serving only Villa Rica and their surrounding area for 27 years. Hence they need to expand their network across the United States. Plaza Home Care provides a full range of medical equipment to their patients. According to research, the senior citizen population in the US continues to increase as the boomers reach the age of 65. Miami-Dade has largest senior citizen populations in the country.

INDIVIDUAL SOLUTION OF AN ALLOCATED SCENARIO-BIG BROTHER BART Essay

INDIVIDUAL SOLUTION OF AN ALLOCATED SCENARIO-BIG BROTHER BART - Essay Example The case brings out the work of Bart and also brings into light the software used by him to keep a tab on the employee systems to ensure that the software is working fine. Bart uses this software to keep track of people who have issues with new software and he uses this log in to simply keep an eye on the working conditions of the software. Bart’s manager requests him to use this software to keep track of two specific employees who are under the suspicion of trading in drugs using the office computers. Bart is faced with an ethical dilemma here and is unsure of whether it is a good idea to keep a tab on an employee’s computer for this reason. In this case the question is to analyse whether it is ethical for Bart to keep a tab on the employee systems or not and to analyse the theories that relate to these. The two chosen theories here are Utilitarianism and Deontology. The following section provides a brief overview of these theories and helps set the base for analysis o f the case. Utilitarianism and Kantian Deontology share one thing in common, i.e. they are both aimed to provide solutions to moral dilemmas. Utilitarianism is more of morality of justice and it focuses more on maximising the utility or ensuring that most numbers of persons are satisfied and happy with the result that is taken up (Tavani, 2004: 234 - 244). This is relatively much better than the Kantian Deontology or any other deontology approach as this takes into consideration the importance of satisfying people and tries to build a foundation with complete justice (Rachels, 1998: 226 - 240). Here in the case of Utilitarianism, the main aim is to ensure that all parties involved are benefiting from the decision made and there is a high level of success for a number of people in the case. This method (utilitarianism) takes everybody to be equal and it looks for a solution which is for the benefit of more number of people (Held, 2006:

Ferropenic Anaemias as a Problem of Public Health

Ferropenic Anaemias as a Problem of Public Health There are several levels of consideration when analysing the problem of the ferropenic anaemias. Firstly there is the overall prevalence in the population, which is quite low in the UK when compared to the developing world (see on). Secondly we need to differentiate between the physiological ferropenic anaemias such as those which occur in pregnancy, those which occur as a result of disease states such as the various forms of malabsorbtion and those which occur through neglect or malnutrition (in the widest possible sense).(Allen, L et al. 2001) The physiological anaemias are not a major public health issue as they are almost invariably screened for in the routine ante-natal clinics and when found, are generally treated on an expectant basis. Iron stores may be depleted after pregnancy and during the breast feeding period, but again, one could reasonably expect that these conditions would be detected and treated as a matter of course. (Ramakrishnan, U. 2001) The same comments generally apply, although with not quite such universal accuracy, in the malabsorbtion states. Such states are generally found as part of another (usually more clinically obvious) pathophysiological process or as part of a post-operative syndrome. (I M 2001) One would hope that, as such, they would be part of the general management of the overall condition and therefore do not pose a particular public health issue. Another area where the Public Health is a potential concern is that where the ferropenic anaemias occur as a result of malnutrition, poor diet or neglect. One way of considering these issues is to analyse the situation in circumstances where the prevalence of ferropenic anaemias is greater than in the UK (where it is comparatively unusual). (Gibson, R. S et al. 2001) In the developing world, the ferropenic anaemias are a major Public Health issue and some countries have instituted measures to directly combat them.(Yip, R. 1994) The first issue to address is to consider the notion that the commonly measured index of haemoglobin concentration is actually a good measure of iron stores. The evidence base here is quite clear that in developed countries where the level of nutrition is generally good, there is a reasonable (but not exact) correlation. In countries with less good nutritional values, there is a marked disparity between haemoglobin levels and iron levels. Haemoglobin distributions of a subset of iron deficient U.S. children (dotted line) and children who are not iron deficient (solid line). The key observation is the substantial overlap Haemoglobin distributions of Palestinian refugee children (dotted line) and U.S. children (solid line). The key observation is the relatively small overlap. (after Yip et al. 2002) Secondly we should note that as a matter of basic pathophysiology, not all anaemia is due to iron deficiency and not all iron deficiency will be reflected in anaemia. Therefore uncritical use of the haemoglobin index as a measure of the ferropenic anaemias is basically flawed. These charts suggest that the linkage between haemoglobin and serum iron is closer in developed countries than in developing ones. We can point to other indicators of iron status including transferring saturation, serum ferritin, free erythrocyte protoporphryn (FEP) or the more technologically advanced transferrin receptor levels . (Gimferrer E et al. 1997) which can be utilised to give indicators of iron levels either in a specific patient or on a population level. (Lynch, S et al. 2001). There is another consideration here and that these indicators, although probably accurate on an individual level, may not be so helpful on the population level as, particularly in the developing countries, their laboratories may not have a sufficient level of sophistication to perform the assays and also these tests are less accurate in populations where there is a high prevalence of infections One of the main areas of concern to the Public Health is that of the ferropenic anaemias in children. There is a relative period of â€Å"physiological† anaemia in the child which occurs between 6 and 18 months. The word physiological is in parenthesis because it is not strictly accurate. It is physiological insofar as this is the time when the child’s body has its highest levels of iron requirement (almost 10 times higher than in the adult in comparison to body weight) and the comparative depletion is generally rectified by dietary means once the period of high usage is over. (IM 2001). The second factor in this situation is that the typical diet of this age range tends to be low in bio available iron when compared to that of an adult. (O’Donnell, A. M et al. 1997) In the UK it is rare for a child to develop a ferropenic anaemia because those at risk (underweight and malnourished) are generally picked up by routine Health Visitor screening and also because of the better dietary quality of the average diet which is high in meat with a high iron content. Specifically designated infant food in the UK is commonly fortified with additional iron in any event. (Hall, A et al. 2001). We should not overlook that fact that breast milk has a high content of bio available iron and is a useful source of protection (although not universally effective) against the ferropenic anaemias in the young child We should note however, that in studies that have compared breast fed children, with â€Å"normal† diet children and compared them also against those with a fortified diet (defined by being primarily fed on artificial milk) there was virtually no significant incidence of ferropenic anaemias in those children who were given the fortified diet suggesting that those countries who still utilise the fortified milk system as a Public Health measure are spending their money in a cost effective way. (Walter T et al. 2001) Because of the substantial evidence base that supplementation of iron in the diet of the young child is both cost effective and demonstrably workable, (Bothwell T H et al. 1999) One should really also to consider the additional question as to whether there is a case for supplementing other micronutrients as well as iron. This is a question that is outside the strict parameters of the essay title set here so we will not consider it further except to observe that there is a substantial evidence base to support this as well. (Solomons N W et al. 1993) If we now expand the arguments to women of reproductive age, we note that the risk of developing a ferropenic anaemia during pregnancy is greater than during virtually any other stage of life. In approximate values, a pregnant woman can expect her circulating blood volume to expand by about 35% during pregnancy. She would expect to have a total pregnancy requirement of about 590 mg of elemental iron for the foetus and physiological RBC turn over. Routine prophylaxis in the UK supplies about 750 mg during a pregnancy which leaves about 160 mg for erythropoesis. Studies have suggested that the typical woman needs about 1100 mg of elemental iron throughout her pregnancy to avoid a â€Å"natural ferropenic anaemia â€Å". (Viteri F E 1999) There is considerable evidence that a pre-pregnancy ferropenic anaemia increases the risk of developing further anaemia during a first (and progressively greater in subsequent) pregnancies as it suggests that the iron stores in the body are already depleted. There is evidence to suggest that, in women in the reproductive years in the developed world, ferropenic anaemia is more likely to be associated with increased blood loss (menorrhagia or polymenorrhoea) than it is to be associated with poor diet. Lennartsson, (J et al. 1999) made a substantial study of ferropenic anaemias in women and identified a â€Å"substantial sub-set† whose menstrual loss was such that a normal diet could not keep up with their iron requirements. In the context of our essay we can state that iron deficits that are due to menstrual loss appear to have the greatest effect on women in the developing world as they tend to have diets which are already comparatively poor in both overall iron content and bioavailability. Paradoxically, women in the developed world who do develop ferropenic anaemias due to excessive blood loss, are more likely to suffer from multiple micronutrient dietary deficiencies as well, most notably zinc, copper, calcium and vitamin A, (Hall, A et al. 2001). It is also the case that in the developing world, intercurrent infections such as helminthic infestations and malaria may also result in increased levels of blood loss and therefore the underlying causes will also need to be addressed as well as simply correcting the iron deficiency. The nutritional iron requirements of the pregnant woman are typically twice that of the non-pregnant woman, who, in turn, has approximately twice the requirement of the same aged man (corrected for appropriate energy expenditure). Recent studies have shown that 50% of women in developed countries do not have sufficient iron stores for pregnancy requirements. (Kim, I et al. 1998). This fact is essentially the rationale behind the fairly routine prescription of iron tablets to pregnant women in the UK Iron requirements in relation to energy intake for infants, men, women and pregnant women. (After IM 2001) We note that different countries adopt different strategies taking account of costs and available resources. Many, including the UK and the USA, adopt a fortification strategy as a Public Health measure as not only women but men and children will also benefit. Some countries chose to adopt periodic supplementation under supervision such as in a school or the workplace. (Viteri, F. E. 1999) Many countries, including the UK, choose to fortify basic food ingredients such as wheat flour which is currently fortified to levels of 60  µg/g. Basic calculations based on an annual intake of 20 kg/yr (which is fairly low by UK standards) would suggest that this measure alone equates to 3 mg of elemental iron per day or about 25% of the recommended daily requirement. (Viteri, F.E. 1997) In terms of Public Heath costs a recent estimate suggests that it costs about 70p ($1.30) to fortify one ton of wheat flour with six micronutrients, including iron. (Lofti, M 1998). If we revert back to the 20 kg per year estimate of minimal intake, the cost is only a few pence per year ($0.025). Some sources have suggested a programme of plant development and breeding to develop strains of staples such as rice and wheat that have a intrinsically higher micronutrient content. (Gibson, R. S et al. 2001). These measures are certainly within the technological capabilities of the majority of countries and therefore make such measures a viable option. References Allen, L. Casterline-Sabel, J. (2001) Prevalence and causes of nutritional anemias. Ramakrishnan, U. eds. Nutritional Anemias 2001 : 7-22 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL Bothwell T H, Charlton R W, Cook J D, Finch C F, eds. 1999 Iron metabolism in man. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1999 ; 21. Gibson, R. S. Hotz, C. (2001) Dietary diversification/modification strategies to enhance micronutrient content and bioavailability of diets in developing countries. Br. J. 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